中央研究院歷史語言研究所典藏內閣大庫檔案，共四千多件明代 (1368-1644) 文書，三十多萬件清代 (1644-1911) 檔冊，包括內閣收貯的制詔誥敕、題奏本章、朝貢國表章、內閣各 廳房處的檔案、修書各館檔案、試題、試卷、瀋陽舊檔等，而以題奏本章佔最大宗。
內閣大庫檔案內容多涉及一般行政事務，而許多案例並不見於會典或則例，是研究制度史的重要材料，同時對於社會史、經濟史或法制史等的研究也極具價值。
The archives of the Grand Secretariat currently housed at the Institute were originally kept at the Grand Secretariat Storehouse in the Ch’ing imperial palace. They were removed from the Storehouse when it underwent renovation in 1909. After the overthrow of the Ch’ing, these archives changed hands several times, and were, at one point, even sold to a paper recycling factory. Eventually, the Institute purchased them from Li Sheng-to, a book collector, in1929 thanks to the efforts of Fu Ssu-nien, the Institute’s first director.
There are over four thousand Ming(1368-1644) documents and more than three hundred thousand volumes of Ch’ing(1644-1911) archival materials in this collection, including imperial decrees, edicts, memorials, tribute document, examination questions, examination papers, rosters of successful examination candidates, documents from the offices of the Grand Secretariat, documents from the offices for book compilation, and old documents from Mukden. Memorials make up the bulk these documents.
The archives contain valuable source materials for institutional, social and economic historians. They record general administrative activities and legal cases, many of which cannot be found in Ch’ing legal compendia.